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ISP98《备用信用证惯例》
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ISP98《备用信用证惯例》70-6
在接受受益人授权撤销并把备用证完全撤销之前,开证；和内容令其满意的方式提供以下文件:；a.备用证正本;；b.代受益人签署的人的签名证实;；c.代受益人签署的人的授权证实;；d.法律意见;；e.受益人为撤销备用证而签署的不可撤销的授权书,；赔书,以及要求格式中包含的其它内容;；f.令其确信所有保兑人的义务已被撤销的证据;；g.令其确信没有转让并且任何指定人都未
在接受受益人授权撤销并把备用证完全撤销之前,开证人可以要求以形式和内容令其满意的方式提供以下文件:a.备用证正本;b.代受益人签署的人的签名证实;c.代受益人签署的人的授权证实;d.法律意见;e.受益人为撤销备用证而签署的不可撤销的授权书,包括:声明、约定、认赔书,以及要求格式中包含的其它内容;f.令其确信所有保兑人的义务已被撤销的证据;g.令其确信没有转让并且任何指定人都未辑进行付款的证据;及h.任何其它合理措施。规则8:偿付义务 8.01获得偿付的权利a.若根据本规则对相符提示给予了付款,就必须由以下的人给予偿付:i.要求开立备用证的申请人向开证人偿付;及ii.开证人向其指定作出付款或以其它方式作出给付的指定人偿付。b.申请人必须对由下述事由而产生的请求、义务和责任(包括支付律师费用)向开证人负赔偿责任:i.除在开证地所适用的或备用证所选择的法律和惯例以外的法律和惯例的规定;ii.其他人的欺诈、伪造或其它非法行为;或iii.由于保兑人错误地拒绝履行其保兑,开证人代为履行保兑人的义务。c.本规则对其它适用的规定偿付或赔偿可以基于更少或其它理由的协议、交易程式、惯例、习惯或用法进行补充。8.02费用和成本的支付a.申请人必须支付开证人收取的费用,并偿付开证人在申请人同意下指定进行通知、保兑、付款、议付、转让或开立单独承诺的指定人向开证人收取的任何费用。b.开证人有义务支付其他人的以下费用:i.根据备用证条款应支付的费用;或ii.指定人通知、付款、议付、转让或开立单独承诺所惯常发生的、而由于该备用证下未作索款要求致使未曾或无法从受益人或其他提示人处收取的合理费用和花费。 8.03偿付的退还如果开证人拒付,在开证人及时拒付提示之前获得偿付的指定人必须退还偿付和利息,这种退还并不影响该指定人指控错误拒付并请求偿付。 8.04银行间偿付从另一家银行获取偿付的任何指示或授权,适用国际商会银行间偿付的标准规则。 规则9：时间安排 9.01备用证持续的时间备用证必须:i.含有到期日;或ii.允许开证人经合理的事先通知或付款而终止备用证。 9.02到期日对指定的影响在其指定范围内行事的指定人的权利,并不受随后的备用证到期的影响。 9.03时间的计算a.在本规则下必须作出某一行为的时间期限,是从该行为应开始的地点的营业日后的第一个营业日开始计算。b.延展的期限开始于所注明的到期日后的第一个日历日,即使该日或到期日可能是开证人停业的一天。 9.04到期日的时间如果没有注明到期日的具体到期时间,它应当在提示地该日营业结束时。 9.05备用证的保留在要求付款的权利终止以后,保留备用证正本并不使备用证下的任何权利得以保留。 规则10:联合开证/权益份额 10.01联合开证如果备用证有一个以上的开证人,而没有注明应向谁作出提示,则可以向任何开证人作出提示,并对所有开证人具有约束力。 10.02权益份额a.除非申请人和开证人有其它约定,开证人可以出卖其对申请人和任何提示人的权益份额,并可不公开地向潜在购买人透露有关申请人的资料。b.开证人对其权利的出卖,并不影响备用证下开证人的义务或在受益人和任何购买权利人之间创立任何权利和义务。 The International Standby Practices - ISP98 1998 Foreword PROLOGUEby Dr. Gerold Herrmann, Secretary, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)It was an extremely interesting and enriching experience for me to assist in drafting ISP98. This participation allowed me to witness (and now bear witness to) the very thorough and pragmatic drafting process in a superbly selected group, with representatives of all interested sectors actively involved in standby letter of credit practice such as: bankers, especially those responsible for letter of credit operations and global trade transactions, bank counsel, attorneys, academics, regulators, government officials, corporate treasurers, and likely influential beneficiaries. The treasure trove of experience and expertise and the diversity of interests and perspectives proved invaluable in determining-as was continuously done by examining concrete practical examples- whether on a given issue an operational rule would be desirable and useful and, if so, which solution would work best and reflect good practice.Continued participation in the preparatory work has also convinced me- as, I am sure, it would have anyone else- of the special characteristics of standbys at the operational level of practical detail and usage. Their special features, in my view, not only justify but also necessitate special contractual rules designed for standbys. As the constant comparison with the UCP clearly revealed, quite a few UCP Articles are inappro-priate for standbys and quite a few issues of paramount importance in standby practice are not addressed at all in the UCP. While a similar disparity in practice exists between the standby and the independent guarantee (the bank or demand guarantee European style), this seems particularly, if not exclusively, true for those types of actual use (e.g. financial standby, direct-pay standby) hitherto found only extremely rarely in guarantee practice. For this and other reasons, including firmness of the undertaking, I would not be surprised to see not only standbys but also some demand guarantees issued subject to ISP98.For a professional unifier of law, participation in the preparatory work was particularly satisfying because of its interconnection with other harmonisation and reform efforts. In addition to the concordance with revised Article 5 UCC (the letter-of-credit law of the homeland of the standby) and the similarly close contact (and personal overlap) with the 1993 UCP revision task force, I am referring in particular to UNCITRAL's work which culminated in the adoption in 1995 by the General Assembly of the &United Nations Convention on Inde-pendent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit.& The idea of preparing special operational rules for standbys was born during the extensive debates comparing national laws as well as the two instruments to be married by that Convention. Since bride and groom were presented there in all facets and critically scrutinized by their future in-laws, UNCITRAL's travaux preparatoires make for highly informative reading (as will future abstracts of court decisions to be published in UNCITRAL's case collection system called CLOUT; homepage: www.un.or.at/uncitral). It was gratifying to see the group preparing ISP98 refer continuously to the UNCITRAL Convention in order to ensure complete consistency. I must admit to special gratification by overhearing one of the world's leading letter of credit expert's remark to his banking colleague: &The more I look at this UN Convention, the more I really like it.&The above coordination or cooperation in the universal harmonisation and modernization efforts is welcome and in fact crucial because of the (often neglected or ignored) interdependence between the two very different levels of legal norms: the contractual level, where such sets of rules like ISP98, UCP 500, or URDG become effective by agreement of the individual parties, and the statutory level, where internationally elaborated law like the UN Convention or domestic law (e.g. Art. 5 UCC) recognise and give full effect to the exercise of that party autonomy and regulate certain issues that can effectively be settled only at that level (e.g. standards of fraud exception, injunctive relief and other court matters). Therefore, ISP98 and the Convention supplement each other in an ideal manner and together lay the necessary basis for a smooth functioning of standby practice worldwide.Preface PrefaceThe International Standby Practices (ISP98) reflects generally accepted practice, custom, and usage of standby letters of credit. It provides separate rules for standby letters of credit in the same sense that the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) and the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG) do for commercial letters of credit and inde-pendent bank guarantees.The formulation of standby letter of credit practices in separate rules evidences the maturity and importance of this financial product. The amounts outstanding of standbys greatly exceed the outstanding amounts of commercial letters of credit. While the standby is associated with the United States where it originated and where it is most widely used, it is truly an international product. Non-U.S. bank outstandings have exceeded those of U.S. banks in the United States alone. Moreover, the standby is used increasingly throughout the world.For convenience, standbys are commonly classified descriptively (and without operative significance in the application of these Rules) based on their function in the underlying transaction or other factors not necessarily related to the terms and conditions of the standby itself. For example:ll A &Performance Standby& supports an obligation to perform other than to pay money including for the purpose ofcovering losses arising from a default of the applicant in completion of the underlying transactions.l An &Advance Payment Standby& supports an obligation to account for an advance payment made by the beneficiary to the applicant.l A &Bid Bond/Tender Bond Standby& supports an obli-gation of the applicant to execute a contract if the applicant is awarded a bid.l A &Counter Standby& supports the issuance of a separate standby or other undertaking by the beneficiary of the counter standby.l A &Financial Standby& supports an obligation to pay money, including any instrument evidencing an obligation to repay borrowed money.l A &Direct Pay Standby& supports payment when due of an underlying payment obligation typically in connection with a financial standby without regard to a default.l An &Insurance Standby& supports an insurance or reinsurance obligation of the applicant.l A &Commercial Standby& supports the obligations of an applicant to pay for goods or services in the event of non-payment by other methods.In the past, many standbys have been issued subject to the UCP even though it was intended for commercial letters of credit. The UCP reinforced the independence and documentary character of the standby. It also provided standards for examination and notice of dishonor and a basis to resist market pressures to embrace troublesome practices such as the issuance of standbys without expiration dates.Despite these important contributions, it has long been apparent that the UCP was not fully applicable nor appropriate for standbys, as is recognized in UCP 500 Article 1 which provides that it applies to the extent to which they may be applicable. Even the least complex standbys (those calling for presentation of a draft only) pose problems not addressed by the UCP. More complex standbys (those involving longer terms or automatic extensions, transfer on demand, requests that the beneficiary issue its own undertaking to another, and the like) require more specialized rules of practice. The ISP fills these needs.The ISP differs from the UCP in style and approach because it must receive acceptance not only from bankers and merchants, but also from a broader range of those actively involved in standby law and practice corporate treasurers and credit managers, rating agencies, government agencies and regulators, and indenture trustees as well as their counsel. Because standbys are often intended to be available in the event of disputes or applicant insolvency, their texts are subject to a degree of scrutiny not encountered in the commercial letter of credit context. As a result, the ISP is also written to provide guidance to lawyers and judges in the interpretation of standby practice.Differences in substance result either from different practices, different problems, or the need for more precision. In addition, the ISP proposes basic definitions should the standby permit or require presentation of documents by electronic means. Since standbys infrequently require presentation of negotiable docu-ments, standby practice is currently more conducive to electronic presentations, and the ISP provides definitions and rules encouraging such presentations. The development of S.W.I.F.T. message types for the ISP is anticipated.The ISP, like the UCP for commercial letters of credit, simplifies, standardizes, and streamlines the drafting of standbys, and provides clear and widely accepted answers to common problems. There are basic simi-larities with the UCP because standby and commercial practices are fundamentally the same. Even where the rules overlap, however, the ISP is more precise, stating the intent implied in the UCP rule, in order to make the standby more dependable when a drawing or honor is questioned.Like the UCP and the URDG, the ISP will apply to any independent undertaking issued subject to it. This approach avoids the impractical and often impossible task of identifying and distinguishing standbys from independentguarantees and, in many cases, commercial letters of credit. The choice of which set of rules to select is, therefore, left to the parties as it should be. One may well choose to use the ISP for certain types of standbys, the UCP for others, and the URDG for still others. While the ISP is not intended to be used for dependent undertakings such as accessory guarantees and insurance contracts, it may be useful in some situations in indicating that a particular undertaking which might otherwise be treated as dependent under local law is intended to be independent.包含各类专业文献、高等教育、文学作品欣赏、外语学习资料、应用写作文书、幼儿教育、小学教育、ISP98《备用信用证惯例》70等内容。　
　The International Standby Practices - ISP98 1998 备用信用证统一惯例 总则 范围、适用、定义和解释 1.01范围和适用 a.本规则旨在适用于备用信用证(包括履约、融资... 　《见索即付保函统一规则》( URDG)和《国际备用信用证惯例》 (ISP98) 一、 见索即付保函及国际备用信用证概述(一) 、见索即付保函 见索即付保函是担保人(... 　皓空贸易单证网整理
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研究的初衷。　　三、《见索即付保函统一规则》（URDG）和《国际备用信用证惯例》（ISP98）之共性非常明确的是，不管当事人之间协议适用URDG，还是ISP，他们都可以确信下列规则会被无条件适用，而不管协议里面是否对此有具体规定：　　1、无论是适用RUDG的见索即付保函，还是适用ISP的备用信用证，都具有独立性和排他性，它们虽然依据申请人与受益人订立的基础合同开立，但一旦开立，则都独立于基础合同，无论该性质是否在保函和备用信用证中做了特别申明。（依据URDG第2条和ISP第1.06（c）、（d）条的规定）　　2、无论是适用RUDG的见索即付保函，还是适用ISP的备用信用证，都具有不可撤销性，也就是从开立之日起，就对担保人或开证人具有约束力。（依据URDG第5条和ISP第1.06（a）条的规定）　　3、担保人或者开证行的责任免除条款是一致的。（依据URDG第11-14条和ISP第1.08条的规定）　　4、URDG和ISP均适用于文本性和电子化的见索即付保函和备用信用证。（依据URDG第2（d）条和ISP第1.09（c）条的规定）　　5、担保人或开证行的担保或付款责任都是第一性的，它们是纯粹的单据交易，担保人或开证行对受益人的索赔要求是基于保函或备用信用证中的条款和规定的单据，即只凭单付款，且他们的审单责任都局限在单据表面的形式上审查。（依据URDG第9条和ISP第2.01条的规定）　　6、即或受益人并没有提交保函和备用信用证要求的所有单据，但担保人或开证行都必须检查已经提交的任何单据。（依据URDG第9条和ISP第3.02条的规定）　　7、如果申请延期未获得同意，符合保函和备用信用证规定的延期申请都被视为是付款请求，受益人有权获得付款。（依据URDG第26条和ISP第3.09条的规定）　　8、对提交的单据中，不属于保函和备用信用证要求提交的单据，担保人或开证行不得审查。（依据URDG第9条和ISP第4.02条的规定）　　四、《见索即付保函统一规则》（URDG）和《国际备用信用证惯例》（ISP98）之异性　　1、电子化交单-URDG并不要求当事人必须在保函和反担保函中写明对电子交单的认可。只要电子单据符合保函的要求，无论保函和反担保函是以纸张或电子化的方式开立的，其都被予以认可（URDG第2（d）条）；而ISP98则规定只有备用信用证里明确规定或承认电子交单时，电子单据才可以被认为符合要求。（ISP98第1.09（c）条）否则，由开证行来决定认可或拒绝电子交单（ISP98第3.11（c）条）。　　2、付款请求的时间确定-ISP98规定如果开证行对要求付款的备用信用证不能确认，那么付款请求的时间应该从信用证被确认的那一天起算（ISP98第3.03（c）条）；URDG对此没有规定，如果发生类似问题，将根据个案中的适用法来确定。　　3、转让-如果保函中写明是其可以转让的，那么保函的转让不需要再征得担保人的特别同意（URDG第4条）；即或备用信用证表明是可以转让的，受益人转让信用证时仍然要征得开征行的同意（ISP98第6.02条）。　　4、通知委托人（也即申请人）的义务-URDG要求担保人（及指示人）在收到付款请求时有义务立即通知委托人（URDG第17条），在受益人申请延期时，担保人（及指示人）负有同样的通知义务（URDG第26条）；而ISP98并不要求开征行履行上述两项通知义务（ISP98第3.01条）。　　5、担保人/开证行的自由斟酌权-担保人无权单方面修改保函的内容，否则将面临丧失对委托人的追偿权的风险，哪怕这种单方面的修改仅限制于对担保人利益的考虑和操作上的便利，也是不行的；在ISP98第3.11条列举的有限情形中，开证行为维护自身对申请人的追偿权不受侵犯，有权单方面修改信用证条款以及ISP的某项规则。开证行在这方面的自由斟酌权包括：（1）接受营业日终止后的交单，而根据ISP98第3.05（b）条的规定，这样的交单被视为是在接下来的一个营业日内的交单。（2）视日期注明晚于提交日的单据为相符单据，而根据ISP98第4.06条，这样的单据被认为是不符单据。　　6、最后期限日交单-如果是在最后期限日交单，因为担保人无法控制的原因导致担保人在那一天停止营业，其付款责任将被免除，受益人无权因此要求延期（URDG第13条）。但是如果停止营业的原因是由担保人的故意引起的，则13条的责任免除条款不适用，由个案中的适用法来确定担保的有效期是否延长；而根据ISP98第3.14（a）条的规定，无论是因为不可抗力的原因，还是开证行能够控制的原因所导致的停止营业，备用信用证的有效期都将从开证行重新恢复营业之日起自动延长30个历日。　　7、各单据之间的不符性-URDG要求担保人审查所提交的单据之间是否存在不一致，如果存在，则拒付，而不论保函是否对此做出了约定（RUDG第9条）；然而只有备用信用证里明确写明，单据之间不符则开证行拒付，开证行才有权因此拒付（ISP98第4.03条）。　　8、交单的语言要求-RUDG对此未做规定。但事实上，根据适用法（注意不是根据URDG），在必要的情形下，尽管提交的单据所使用的语言不是保函上所使用的语言，但担保人仍然应该审查这些单据，必要时还应予以翻译。严格解释上讲，URDG第12条只免除反担保中指示人向担保人传送保函时出现翻译错误，或没有翻译所产生的责任；然而根据ISP98第4.04条的规定，任何交单所使用的文字必须与备用信用证所使用的文字相同，否则其付款请求将遭到拒绝。　　9、请求付款时是否要求提交其他申明-根据URDG所开立的保函，在请求付款时，必须按第20（a）条的规定，除了提交书面的付款请求书外，还必须按保函要求提交其他相关书面文件，这些文件必须申明i）委托人违反了其基础合同项下的义务；ii）委托人违约的事实方面，而不管保函对此是否有明确说明。同样，在反担保函中，请求付款时，必须按第20（b）条的规定，提交书面申明，即担保人已经接到受益人按本条款递交的付款请求书，也不管反担保函中对此是否作出了明确说明；但是根据ISP98第4.17条的规定，提交任何申明的前提条件必须是备用信用证对此作出了明确要求。如果信用证要求提交一项申明，但该申明的内容并不需要具体化，ISP98认为这样的申明足以代表付款的期限已到，因为备用信用证中表述的付款情形已经出现。该申明不需要说明申请人已经违约，更不需要说明申请人在哪些方面违约。因为ISP98同时规范有条件支付的备用信用证，以及一经受益人请求即行付款的备用信用证，后者请求付款时根本不需要任何违约事实的出现。同理，在反备用信用证里，请求付款时根本不需要提交任何申明或文件，除非反备用信用证里有特别规定。　　10、权利排除-URDG在对担保人和委托人的权利排除方面没有规定；但ISP98针对开证行规定，开证行无权主张在拒绝付款的通知中没有提及的单据[本文共有 4 页，当前是第 3 页]
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