林肯总统1862年和1863年俩次宣言的关系 很急各位大神 f2帮帮忙

1863年美国仍处于南北内战,经历重大的伤亡,在当年7月初在葛底斯堡(Gettysburg)发生了浴血战。日亚伯拉罕林肯总统发表了美国历史上最著名的葛底斯堡演说,广为流传。但较少人知道的是,同年的10月3日他还发表了一篇非常重要的感恩节宣言。在当时国务卿苏瓦德(William Seward)协助动笔的10月3日咨文中,林肯总统宣布了美国人从此以11月第四个星期四为感恩节假日,使林肯也成为感恩节之父。 以下是当年林肯总统的感恩节宣言: 正接近尾声的今年,我们享有丰收的土地与美好气候。对这些我们每日享受的慷慨赐予,我们很容易忘记它们源自何处,这是全能上帝的供应。上帝的巨大力量,即使是刚硬的心都会被穿透软化。 虽然非常严重与艰苦的内战已引起了其它一些国家的挑衅。但在这期间,国家间的和平得到了维护,秩序得到了维持,法律得到重视并遵守。除了这些军事冲突的地区外,其他地区都能和睦。因着陆军与海军的努力使战区正在大大地缩小。 虽然许多财物与力量从和平的地区提供给战争的需要,但这并没有抑制农业发展和我们地域的开拓。铁和煤矿与贵重金属的矿物产量比以往更多。尽管在战场有人员损失,国家人口仍稳定增长,人民为国家的实力与活力的提高而欣喜,期待未来将有更大的自由。 人类的忠告或凡人之手无法产生这些伟大的成就。它们是至高造物主恩慈的礼物,主即使为我们的犯罪而发怒时仍显出怜悯。 对我而言,这些应该被全体美国人民一 心一意、庄严地、恭敬地、感激地献上感恩。我因此邀请全美各地、海上以及居留外国的同胞们,将下个月11 月最后一个星期四作为感恩的一天,向我们在天上的天父祈祷和感恩。我也建议美国人民,在对上帝这样非凡奇妙的赐福而向天父献上感谢祭时,也谦卑地为我们国 家的堕落与悖逆悔改。对所有在这场无法避免的悲惨内战中成为寡妇、孤儿、送葬者或受难者的,祈求天父温柔的看顾。强烈地恳求全能的上帝尽快伸出恩手医治和 修复这个国家,使国家符合神的旨意,以致享有完全的和平、融洽、宁静与团结。 亚伯拉罕 林肯& Lincoln's 1863 Thanksgiving Proclamation Lincoln 's Thanksgiving Proclamation that follows is taken from the collection of Lincoln 's papers in the Library of America series, Vol II, pp. 520-521. The year that is drawing towards its close, has been filled with the blessings of fruitful fields and healthful skies. To these bounties, which are so constantly enjoyed that we are prone to forget the source from which they come, others have been added, which are of so extraordinary a nature, that they cannot fail to penetrate and soften even the heart which is habitually insensible to the ever watchful providence of Almighty God.. In the midst of a civil war of unequalled magnitude and severity, which has sometimes seemed to foreign States to invite and to provoke their aggression, peace has been preserved with all nations, order has been maintained, the laws have been respected and obeyed, and harmony has prevailed everywhere except in the theatre while that theatre has been greatly contracted by the advancing armies and navies of the Union. Needful diversions of wealth and of strength from the fields of peaceful industry to the national defense, have not arrested the plough, the shuttle, the axe had enlarged the borders of our settlements, and the mines, as well of iron and coal as of the precious metals, have yielded even more abundantly than heretofore. Population has steadily increased, notwithstanding the waste that has been made in the camp, the siege and the battle- and the country, rejoicing in the consciousness of augmented strength and vigor, is permitted to expect continuance of years with large increase of freedom. No human counsel hath devised nor hath any mortal hand worked out these great things. They are the gracious gifts of the Most High God, who, while dealing with us in anger for our sins, hath nevertheless remembered mercy. It has seemed to me fit and proper that they should be solemnly, reverently and gratefully acknowledged as with one heart and voice by the whole American People. I do therefore invite my fellow citizens in every part of the United States , and also those who are at sea and those who are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of November next, as a day of Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens. And I recommend to them that while offering up the ascriptions justly due to Him for such singular deliverances and blessings, they do also, with humble penitence for our national perverseness and disobedience, commend to his tender care all those who have become widows, orphans, mourners or sufferers in the lamentable civil strife in which we are unavoidably engaged, and fervently implore the interposition of the Almighty Hand to heal the wounds of the nation and to restore it as soon as may be consistent with the Divine purposes to the full enjoyment of peace, harmony, tranquility and Union. Abraham Lincoln 凡本网来源标注是“基督时报”的文章权归基督时报所有。未经基督时报授权,任何印刷性书籍刊物、公共网站、电子刊物不得转载或引用本网图文。欢迎个体读者转载或分享于您个人的博客、微博、微信及其他社交媒体,但请务必清楚标明出处、作者与链接地址(URL)。其他公共微博、微信公众号等公共平台如需转载引用,请通过电子邮件()、电话(010-)或微博(),微信(jidushibao2013)联络我们,得到授权方可转载或做其他使用。当前位置:墓地网 > 历史今天 日 美国总统林肯发表《解放黑人奴隶宣言》 &来源:本站 时间:   日,美国第十六届总统林肯发表了《解放黑人奴隶宣言》。马克思称赞这个宣言是“联邦成立以来的美国史上最重要的文件”。  北美洲原是印第安人故乡,自从哥伦布发现“新大陆”之后,西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等不断地向北美洲移民,并在这里建立13个殖民地。殖民者残暴地屠杀土著居民,使印第安人濒临绝种。于是,他们又从非洲掳掠来大批黑人充当奴隶,这些黑人奴隶就如同农奴主饲养的牲口,过着非人的生活,没有人身自由。随着掳掠来的黑人奴隶的增多,黑奴问题成了美国一个严重的社会问题。  林肯出生于一个农民家庭,青年时代就同情黑人农奴的悲惨遭遇。有一次,他看到一个奴隶贩子当众毒打侮辱黑奴,他小声地向同伴说:“等到有那么一天,我有机会来打击这一制度的时候,我一定会把它彻底打垮。”1834年他跨入政界后,多次发表关于解放黑人的演说,特别是1856年竞选副总统时,明确表示:“我们将为争取自由和废除奴隶制而斗争”。  林肯的解放黑奴的主张,遭到美国南部农奴主的强烈反对,却符合美国北方资产阶级的利益,他们需要自由地招聘廉价的劳力,在北方资产阶级的支持下,1860年,林肯选为美国第十六届总统。美国南方种植园奴隶主于1861年2月组成了南方联盟。4月12日,向北方发动进攻。美国南北战争就此开始。由于北方资产阶级林肯政府没有充分准备,内战初期,北方失利,华盛顿几乎失守。在人民群众的推动下,1862年,林肯采取了革命性的措施。其中最有力的措施是签署了《解放黑人奴隶的宣言》,规定从日起,南方各州的黑奴“永远获得自由”,“可参加合众国军队”。这些措施,激发了广大人民群众特别是黑人的革命积极性,很快就有50万至75万工人参加了军队,南方有50万黑人逃离种植园,在敌人后方广泛开展游击战,牵制了奴隶主的10万军队,使南方在经济上濒于崩溃。于是,战争形势急转直下。日,南方首都里士满被北军攻克。历时4年之久的南北战争,以北部的完全胜利而告结束。 ★★郑重承诺★★ 河南墓地网是河南省最大的综合性墓地网络平台,已经于多家墓地开发商直接构建战略合作关系,绝非普通经销商行为,在此郑重承诺

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