NMR resonance splitting of urea in stretched hydrogels: proton exchange and (1)H/(2)H isotopologues.
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-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.. Epub
2014 Aug 27.NMR resonance splitting of urea in stretched hydrogels: proton exchange and (1)H/(2)H isotopologues.1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5.1School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: philip.kuchel@sydney.edu.au.2School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.3School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.4School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.5School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, A School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.AbstractUrea at ~12 M in concentrated gelatin gel, that was stretched, gave (1)H and (2)H NMR spectral splitting patterns that varied in a predictable way with changes in the relative proportions of (1)H2O and (2)H2O in the medium. This required consideration of the combinatorics of the two amide groups in urea that have a total of four protonation/deuteration sites giving rise to 16 different isotopologues, if all the atoms were separately identifiable. The rate constant that characterized the exchange of the protons with water was estimated by back-transformation analysis of 2D-EXSY spectra. There was no (1)H NMR spectral evidence that the chiral gelatin medium had caused in-equivalence in the protons bonded to each amide nitrogen atom. The spectral splitting patterns in (1)H and (2)H NMR spectra were accounted for by intra-molecular scalar and dipolar interactions, and quadrupolar interactions with the electric field gradients of the gelatin matrix, respectively.Copyright (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.KEYWORDS: (1)H NMR (2)H NMR C G I Resid Residual
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被如下文章引用：
AUTHORS: ,,
KEYWORDS: 氨排泄,基因表达,碳酸盐碱度,定量PCR
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Jan 22, 2016
ABSTRACT: 鲤鱼（Cyprinuscarpio）是我国主要淡水养殖鱼类之一，且具有一定的盐碱耐受性，可以在偏碱水体中存活生长。为了了解其对不同碱度的耐受性，以及在碱胁迫环境下的基因表达变化，以鲤鱼为试验材料，使用一定pH值不同碳酸盐碱度水对其进行胁迫试验。选取鱼类氨排泄相关的候选基因，包括Rhesus血型相关糖蛋白基因（Rhesusbloodgroup-associatedglycoprotein，Rh），水通道蛋白基因（Aquaporin，AQP），催乳素基因（Prolactin，PRL），碳酸酐酶基因（CarbonicAnhydrase，CA），Na+/K+转运ATP酶基因（Na+/K+transportingATPase，NKA），钠氢交换体基因（sodiumhydrogenexchanger，NHE）采用定量PCR方法检测其在不同碱度下的基因表达情况。结果表明上述基因随着碱度的升高在鳃、肠和肾3个组织中的总体表达水平较淡水对照显著升高，说明鲤鱼在碳酸盐碱胁迫条件下与氨排泄相关基因的表达上调。这些基因具有一定的空间表达差异性，具体结果为：胁迫过程中主要在鳃中表达的基因为AQP3A、PRLRA、NHE7，在肾中表达的基因为PRL，在肠中表达的基因是RHAG、RHBG2、RHCG1。这些基因在碱胁迫环境下的表达变化为解析鱼类体内渗透压调节调控机制具有重要意义。君，已阅读到文档的结尾了呢~~
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